Like many things in our lives, and as a result of the technological revolution, cities are subject to a constant transformation as they respond to the needs of the citizens who live in them and maintain or increase their sustainability. With the emergence of the IoT (Internet of Things), cities will undergo huge transformations aimed at both solving the problems which, in many cases, are already...
It is estimated that with 5G technology, by 2025 there will be some 8 million autonomous vehicles circulating on the world’s roads, 31 billion connected objects and over 88 Smart Cities. And 5G is one of the technological pillars on which these predictions are based. Irruption and disruption of 5G networks In the future we’ll be talking about Gbps where now we speak of Mbps. However, the most...
Following on from a previous article on DSL and its scientific bases, I now want to review the fundamentals of another technology: radio. As with a DSL, the ability to transmit data in any radio communications system – from the very first Marconi experiments to 5G networks – is bound by Shannon’s equation, based on the channel’s bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio. In radio, we also have another...
Every day we hear more news on 5G, its progress and evolution, as the demand for connectivity between vehicles, towns and cities, devices and sensors continues to grow. As you might expect, the railway sector and it's train communications are no less affected, being one of the main players anxiously awaiting these new developments to adapt the 5G technology and use in their area of railway intra...
Fifth generation mobile networks or 5G networks, are currently being developed and tested by several carriers with a view to commercial deployment in 2020. In comparison to its predecessor, 4G and variants, 5G’s main objectives are to offer: • High effective speeds (>1 Gbps) • Low latency (1 ms or less) • High density of connected devices • Minimum power requirements for IoT, sensors, remote...
Future deployments of 5G mobile telephone networks will bring large-scale small-cell roll-outs. A small cell is nothing more than a miniature base station, or low-powered mobile telephone node, that improves a network’s spectral efficiency by allowing the same frequencies to be reused within a geographic area thanks to its limited range (10 meters to a few kilometers). The desire to improve...
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