"The Constraints". While electronic schematics provide a practical way to represent the components and connections within a circuit, they are ultimately a simplification that overlooks important aspects of how the circuit actually behaves. Connection lines are assumed to have no resistance, inductance, parasitic capacitance, or propagation delay, and Kirchhoff’s laws are applied as if they...

Your Features are only as Strong as Your Hardware
In the telecom world innovation has taken the spotlight, opening the doors to new protocols, cutting-edge features, ambitious capabilities like 5G, NGFW, etc. Yet behind the scenes, there's a less glamorous, but equally vital actor: the robust hardware supporting all these technologies. Modern network devices nowadays promise more than ever, but these promises are only as good as the components...

Cybersecurity and Smart Networks: Core Pillars of Transport Infrastructure
In an increasingly interconnected world, where digitalization is profoundly transforming the way in which transport systems are managed and operated, cybersecurity has become a critical component to ensure continuity, security, and efficiency. From urban bus fleets to high-speed trains and global logistics systems, the dependency on digital technologies calls for a robust and comprehensive...
Threats to Cybersecurity in the Banking Sector
The digitalization of the financial sector has optimized service efficiency, remote access to banks and improved user experience. However, the risk of suffering cyberattacks has grown exponentially. In this context, cybersecurity has become a key strategic pillar for the progress of digitalization in the banking sector. The vast majority of reports show banks and Fintechs are the most attacked...
AI Under Attack: A Threat Evolving at the Speed of Technological Innovation
In 2025, Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are not only tools for productivity, automation, and advanced analytics—they have also become new attack vectors for cybercriminals. From data manipulation to direct model exploitation, the threat landscape is evolving as rapidly as AI itself. For professionals in cybersecurity, cyberdefense, and technology consulting, understanding these threats...
Smart Contracts: Innovation and Risks in the Digital Economy
The emergence of Bitcoin in 2008 marked the beginning of a technological revolution that led to the development of blockchain technology, laying the foundation for smart contracts. These applications, fundamental to the decentralized applications (Dapps) ecosystem, have transformed digital interactions by automating processes and handling substantial financial transactions. In this new digital...
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